ʻO ka pilikia o ka ikehu o nā makahiki 1970 i hoʻopau ai i ke au o ka aila haʻahaʻa a hoʻomaka i ka heihei e wili ai no ka ʻaila ma waho.Me ke kumu kūʻai o ka barela aila ʻaila ma nā huahelu pālua, ke hoʻomaka nei e ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā ʻenehana wili a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, ʻoiai inā ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai.Ma nā kūlana o kēia lā, hana maʻamau nā paepae o waho i nā puke haʻahaʻa - ma kahi o 10,000 barela i kēlā me kēia lā (BPD).Loaʻa iā mākou ka ThunderHorse PDQ, kahi wili, hana, a me ka module ola e hiki ke hana i ka 250,000 barela aila a me 200 miliona cubic feet (Mmcf) o ke kinoea i kēlā me kēia lā.ʻO kēlā ʻāpana hana nui, ʻo ka nui o nā valve manual e like me 12,000 ʻoi aku, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākoukiwi poepoe.E kālele ana kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano ʻoki ʻoki ʻia i hoʻohana mau ʻia ma nā hale o luna o nā paepae waho.
Pono ka hana aila a me ke kinoea i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kōkua ʻaʻole i hana pololei i ka hana ʻana o nā hydrocarbons, akā hāʻawi wale i ke kākoʻo kūpono no ke kaʻina hana.ʻO nā lako kōkua e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana hāpai wai kai (ka hoʻololi wela, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ke kaua ahi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ka wai wela a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wai.Inā ʻo ke kaʻina hana ponoʻī a i ʻole nā mea kōkua, pono e hoʻohana i ka valve partition.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kā lākou mau hana nui i ʻelua ʻano: ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hana a me ke kaʻina hana (on-off).Ma lalo iho nei, e nānā mākou i ke kūlana o nā valve pili e pili ana i nā laina hoʻopuka o nā wai maʻamau i nā kahua hana waho.
He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ke kaumaha o nā lako no nā paepae o waho.Pono e lawe ʻia kēlā me kēia kilokani o nā lako ma luna o ke kahua i ke kahua ma waena o nā moana a me nā moana, a pono e mālama ʻia i loko o kona pōʻaiapuni o ke ola.No laila, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā kiwi pōpō ma ka paepae no ka mea paʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana.ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika (flatkiwi puka) a i ʻole nā kīwī māmā (e like me nā valves butterfly), akā no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā kumu like ʻole e like me ke kumu kūʻai, ke kaumaha, ke kaomi a me ka mahana, ʻo nā kiwi pōlele ka mea kūpono loa.
ʻIke loa,kiwi poepoeʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka māmā, akā he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā ana kiʻekiʻe (a pinepine nā ana ākea).Loaʻa i ka pōleʻa pōleʻa ka pono o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi awa hoʻokuʻu ma waena o nā noho ʻelua, no laila hiki ke nānā ʻia ke ʻano o nā leaks kūloko.He mea pono kēia pono no nā ʻūhā pani pani pilikia (ESDV) no ka mea pono e nānā pinepine ʻia kā lākou hana sila.
ʻO ka wai mai loko mai o ka pūnāwai ʻaila ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, a i kekahi manawa ka wai.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, e like me ke ola ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hoʻomā ʻia ka wai ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka aila.No ia hui ʻana - a no nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe - ʻo ka mea mua e hoʻoholo ai inā aia kekahi mau haumia i loko o ia mau mea, e like me ke kalapona ʻokikene, hydrogen sulfide, a me nā ʻāpana paʻa (ke one a i ʻole nā ʻōpala corrosive, etc.).Inā loaʻa nā ʻāpana paʻa, pono e uhi ʻia ka noho a me ka pōleʻa me ka metala e pale ai i ka ʻaʻahu nui ma mua.ʻO ka CO2 (carbon dioxide) a me ka H2S (hydrogen sulfide) ke kumu i nā kaiapuni ʻino, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka corrosion momona a me ka corrosion acid.ʻO ka ʻinoʻino maʻamau ke kumu o ka nalo like ʻole o ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana.ʻOi aku ka pōʻino o ka hopena o ka ʻakika acid, ka mea e hoʻopōʻino pinepine ai i nā mea, e hopena i ka hemahema o nā mea hana.Hiki ke pale ʻia nā ʻano corrosion ʻelua e ke koho ʻana i nā mea kūpono a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea paʻi pili.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo NACE i kahi hoʻonohonoho maʻamau no ka corrosion acid: "MR0175 no ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ka ʻenehana, nā mea hana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni sulfur i loko o ka hana ʻaila a me ke kinoea."Hoʻohana maʻamau nā mea valve i kēia maʻamau.No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia maʻamau, pono ka mea e hoʻokō i kekahi mau koi, e like me ka paʻakikī, i kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi acidic.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kīpē pōpō no ka hana ʻana i waho e like me nā kūlana API 6D.Hoʻokomo pinepine nā hui aila a me ka hau i nā koi hou aʻe ma luna o kēia maʻamau, ma ke kau ʻana i nā kūlana hou aʻe i nā mea waiwai a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua ʻoi aku ka ikaika.No ka laʻana, ka maʻamau S-562 i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP).Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka S-562-API 6D Ball Valve Standard Supplement e kekahi mau hui aila a me nā hui kinoea nui e hoʻohui a hoʻomāmā i nā koi like ʻole e pono ai nā mea hana.ʻO ka manaʻo maikaʻi, e hōʻemi kēia i nā kumukūʻai a e hōʻemi i nā manawa alakaʻi.
He nui nā kuleana o ka wai kai ma nā paepae wili, e like me ke kinai ahi, ka wai kahe, ka hoʻololi wela, ka wai ʻoihana, a me ka meaʻai no ka wai inu.ʻO ka pipeline e lawe ana i ka wai kai he nui ke anawaena a haʻahaʻa i ke kaomi - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka valve butterfly no ke kūlana hana.Hoʻopili nā kīwī Butterfly i nā kūlana API 609 a hiki ke māhele ʻia i ʻekolu ʻano: concentric, double eccentric a me triple eccentric.Ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā valve butterfly concentric me nā lugs a i ʻole nā hoʻolālā clamp.He liʻiliʻi loa ka laulā o ia mau valves, a ke kau ʻia ma ka pipeline, pono e hoʻopili pololei ʻia, inā ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hana valve.Inā ʻaʻole pololei ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka flange, hiki iā ia ke keʻakeʻa i ka hana o ka pahu, a hiki ʻole ke hana i ka pahu.Pono paha kekahi mau kūlana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kīwaha butterfly double-eccentric a triple-eccentric;ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o ka valve ponoʻī, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kumukūʻai o ka alignment pololei i ka wā o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-28-2024